Today, energy demand has increased as a result of population growth around the world. Due to the limited fossil energy resources and the problems caused by greenhouse gas emissions, it is necessary to pay more attention to renewable energy, because in this way, the goals of sustainable development can be achieved. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to properly evaluate the performance of renewable energy technologies and also to investigate the relationship between renewable energy, carbon dioxide emissions, and sustainable development in Iran and compare it with non-renewable energy. In order to rank renewable energy carriers and identify the best type of them for electricity generation in Iran, a multi-criteria decision model has been used. In this regard, by conducting library studies and collecting the opinions of experts, a set of criteria in the form of four technical, economic, social, and environmental dimensions has been determined. Then, using the VIKOR approach, renewable energies consisting of wind, hydropower, solar, biomass, and geothermal energies are discussed. Findings indicate a high priority of wind energy and solar, hydropower, geothermal and biomass are in the next ranks. The results indicate that the effect of positive momentum on the share of renewable and non-renewable energy on sustainable development in Iran is positive.

Background and purpose: In the process of planning and developing nature tourism activities, ‎proper zoning and prioritization of recreational activities for establishment and location in ‎nature is of special importance. In this way, recreational activities that are suitable and can be ‎established in the selected areas are designed and then a sustainable management program is ‎provided, taking into account training, participation and monitoring of recreational activities. ‎In the present study, while identifying suitable areas for the development of ‎recreational activities that are in demand and can be developed in the mangrove forests of ‎Khamir and Qeshm, prioritizing each of these activities according to the potential and ‎capabilities of the natural areas of the region, as well as the proposed and effective criteria for ‎their development.‎Materials and methods: In this study, activities were zoning based on the linear relationship of ‎spatial indicators. Then the weighting and prioritization of these activities was carried out ‎according to a series of selected criteria based on the opinions of experts and specialists as well ‎as similar studies and documents. In the process of identifying the criteria, the environmental ‎conditions of the study area and other factors that can be effective on the development of ‎recreational activities in this area were taken into consideration. The studied criteria include road ‎access network, distance from the city, location of settlements, sea infrastructure and existing ‎patches, distance from protection spots and resident population. These criteria were first ‎standardized in the numerical range of 0 to 1 in a linear way, and then weight was assigned to ‎each of the criteria using the ANP model. Next, for each of the criteria, a location map was ‎prepared in Arc GIS software, and Topsis method was used in Topsis Solver software to ‎prioritize recreational activities.‎Results: Obtained results, the zoning of recreational activities in this area ‎includes 4 options of how to combine the recreational activities required in the mangrove ‎forests of Khmer and Qeshm, which option 1 includes zones with three recreational activities ‎‎(Walking in the Forest -Watching Marine ‎Wildlife -Visiting the Forest ‎‎with a Balloon), option 2 ‎includes areas with four recreational activities (Visiting ‎Villages near the Forest -Walking in the ‎Forest -Watching Marine ‎Wildlife -Visiting the Forest ‎‎with ‎a Balloon), option 3 includes areas ‎with five recreational activities (Photography ‎in ‎Mangrove ‎‎Forest‎ -Traditional ‎Fishing -Jet ‎Boating-Watching Marine ‎Wildlife -Visiting the ‎Forest ‎‎with a Balloon) and finally option 4 ‎including seven recreational activities (Sunbathing ‎on the Beach Atv's on the Beach -Camping in ‎‎‎Mangrove ‎‎Forest -Watching Muddy ‎Islands and ‎Forest -Walking in the Forest -Watching Marine ‎‎Wildlife -Visiting the Forest ‎‎with a Balloon). The results of the evaluation of the criteria also ‎revealed that the highest weight was assigned to the criterion of sea infrastructure and existing ‎ports, Finally, the ‎ranking of recreational activities indicates that the highest priority is related to option 2, and the ‎next priorities include options 3, 1, and 4, respectively. ‎Conclusion: In general, according to the obtained results, one of the most important factors in ‎the development of sustainable nature tourism, as well as the possibility of utilizing the potential ‎and tourist attractions in natural ecosystems, is the zoning and prioritization of recreational ‎activities according to the environmental conditions of the area. Considering that the mangrove ‎forests of Khamir and Qeshm are among the valuable protected reserves of the southern coasts ‎of the country, prioritizing recreational activities in suitable areas and outside the protection ‎zones of the region can protect these natural habitats and sustainably use the capacity of natural ‎resources and the appropriate distribution of recreational activities in the area.‎

Water resources management depends on the precise assessment of water storage and access in each region, as well as environmental interactions of these resources. The man objective of this study was to delineate the potential zones of groundwater storage using FAHP. Mapping and assessment of it required maps of geomorphology, drainage, density, lineament density, slope and vegetation, which were initially prepared as the input layers in FAHP; the appropriate weights were attributed to them based on FAHP. Potential zones of ground water were classified into five classes of poor, average, good, very good and excellent. The number and density of available wells and springs in the study area dealt with the potential of the region for groundwater storage. So, ROC was used to assess the validation of results, considering spring points as signs of water resources. According to the results, classes of very good, good, average, weak, and very weak were ranked as the first to the last in terms of privilege order with an area of 37. 7, 55, 40, 107, and 98. 4 square kilometers, respectively.